A method for increasing the surface area of perovskite-type oxides

A method based on hydrothermal treatments is described for increasing the surface area of sintered ABO3-type perovskite oxides. Influence of hydrothermal treatments, such as water treatment at 125-300°C under autogeneous pressure and steam treatment at 350-800°C, to low surface area (or sintered) LaCoO3 and LaMnO3 perovskite oxides on their surface properties (viz. surface area, crystal size and morphology and surface La/(Co or Mn) ratio) and also catalytic activity in complete combustion of methane at different temperatures (450-600°C) has been thoroughly investigated. The hydrothermal treatments result in the activation of the perovskite oxides by increasing their surface area very markedly

Design and fabrication of variable steering ratio mechanism for light Motor vehicle

To facilitate easy and proper steering of the vehicle while negotiating a turn, as per the requirements of driver in different situations like hair pin bends in hilly regions, sudden turns in highways and city streets or in sports car during race events an improved steering system is needed to address these problems. The steering arrangement used in a normal automobile was investigated and to solve the above problems a variable steering ratio mechanism was designed and fabricated, with the aim to determine if incorporation of variable steering ratio mechanism will make an improvement in the steady and transient state handling of the automobile. The size of the pinion gear and the number of teeth on the gear determine the rack-and-pinion steering ratio. The steering wheel must be turned one revolution to turn the front wheels one sixteenth of a turn, the steering ratio is 1 to 1/16. Reversing the numbers gives a ratio of 16 to 1, or 16:1. This steering ratio is always fixed. A variable steering ratio mechanism was fabricated by using constant mesh type gears from Bajaj-Super and steering mechanism from Tata-Nano. Gear housing using wood is created and gear shifting arrangement incorporated. It was observed that on engaging the 1st gear steering ratio is increased to 9.92:1. On engaging the 2nd gear steering ratio is increased to 7.20:1, On engaging the 3rd gear steering ratio is increased to 4.96:1 On engaging the 4th gear steering ratio is increased to 3.52:1. The effort required for steering is increased due to these ratios as energy is lost due to friction. This mechanism can only be practical if used in conjugation with power assist.   Keywords: - Variable Steering Ratio Mechanism, Constant Mesh Gear Box, Steering Wheel, Power Assis

Vishaghna (anti-toxic) property of Shirisha (Albizia lebbeck) : A Review

Ayurveda is a traditional healthcare system of Indian medicine since ancient times. Majority of medicine mentioned in Ayurveda are plant based. Herbal medicine is based on the premise that plants and plants extracts contain natural phytochemicals with biological activity that can promote health or alleviate illness. Shirisha (Albizia lebbeck) is one of the important herbs having broad spectrum therapeutic effects. In classical textbook it is mentioned as the best among the Vishaghna (anti poisonous) drug. In Ayurveda it is used in allergic skin conditions, allergic cough and seasonal cold to get relief. It’s action is Shothara (anti-inflammatory), Vedanasthapan (analgesic), Varnya (complexion promoter), Vrishya (Spermatogogue), Vishaghna (antipoisonous), Shirovirechana (Nasya), Chakshushya (beneficial to eyes), Stambhana (anti Diarrheal), Kaphagna (antitussive), Raktashodhaka (Blood purifier) and Kustaghna (anti leprotic), Kandughna (Antipruritic). Research conducted during past have also reported its anti-inflammatory, anti-histaminic, antianaphylactic, anti-asthmatic, anti-microbial properties

Design & Fabrication of Manually Driven Pedal Powered Washing Machine

Cloth washing is one of the essential parts of the life but it is considered undesirable because of the involvement of efforts, time, energy and cost. Nowadays a wide variety of washing machines are available in the market and there is a tough competence among the manufacturers. The cost of washing machine varying from Rs.10,000 to 1,50,000 depending upon features and capabilities. Very costly washing machines are equipped with facility of dry cleaning too. All of the washing machines available in the market are electric power driven and basic principle of their operation depends upon creation of the turbulent flow of detergent around the dirty clothes. Drying of the clothes is based upon rotation of wet clothes at very high rpm so that water droplets can be separated out due to centrifugal action. In our country where approximately 70% population is living with very poor economic status, those people cannot have a washing machine because of cost constraints and unavailability of electricity due to any reason. The present work is an attempt to develop a concept to make a cloth washing mechanism which can meet out the requirements of above mentioned 70% population of the nation. Working principle of this concept is no more different from available similar type of machine with a difference driving mechanism of the machine. The objective of bringing down the initial cost and operating cost of washing machine is almost achieved in present work within the limitation of work as mentioned. Key word: CWT, CEA, 1. Introductio